Author: markhsutherland
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Marie Stopes’ “Prorace” and “Racial” Brands: What They Reveal About Her Mothers’ Clinic
Introduction In the early 1920s, Marie Stopes distributed contraceptive devices under two striking brand names: “Prorace” and “Racial.” To many modern readers, these labels appear jarring—yet in Stopes’s time, they were meant to be reassuring, signalling scientific respectability and alignment with the fashionable goal of “improving the race.” These brand names were not incidental nor…
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How Tuberculosis and Eugenics Collided in Early 20th Century Britain
Introduction In early 20th-century Britain, two powerful forces shaped public health policy: the fight against tuberculosis, and the rise of the eugenics movement. These forces eventually collided—scientifically, politically, and ethically. The dispute was not merely theoretical. It defined how society understood disease, poverty, heredity, and the responsibilities of the state. This collision played a central…
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The siege of the Alcázar, Spain 1936 (3/3)
This is the third and final part of Dr Sutherland’s account of the siege of the Alcazar in Toledo. The Mayor of Toledo showed us over the Alcazar, and there was no better guide as he had been there throughout the siege. With the aid of electric torches we saw the great vaults where the…
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The siege of the Alcázar, Spain 1936 (2/3)
This is part two of Dr Sutherland’s account of the siege of the Alcazar in 1936. The Madrid Government sent two emissaries to the Alcazar. The first was major Rojo, and officer of the regular army, and one of the few who had remained loyal to the Popular Front Government. Most of those who did…
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The siege of the Alcázar, Spain 1936 (1/3)
Dr Halliday Sutherland visited the Alcázar, Toledo in 1946 as the guest of the Spanish government. Dr Sutherland wrote about the epic siege that took place there during the Spanish Civil War in “Spanish Journey”. This is part one. From Madrid we made a one-day excursion to Toledo. Dona Beatriz stayed at home but Don…